Instead of our usual assembly to commemorate Anzac Day on the 25th of April, this year we are commemorating another special event in our Anzac history.
This week marks the centenary
of the battle of Chunuk Bair in Gallipoli. We all know about New Zealand's involvement in the Gallipoli landing, on April 25th, and this day has come to represent New Zealand's involvement in all conflicts - and peace-keeping duties - and is called Anzac Day.
Some people argue that August 8th and the Battle for Chunuk Bair is more relevant than April 25th as a date to represent the achievements of New Zealand troops in battle - even though the the campaign ultimately failed.
The Battle for Chunuk Bair in August 1915 was New Zealand’s most significant action in
the Gallipoli campaign, and it was also
the first action to include the MaoriContingent. Chunuk Bair was one of the highest hills, and its capture would
help the Allies take control of the Gallipoli peninsula. Australian troops would take the summit at Lone Pine, a battalion of Gurkhas from the Indian Brigade were to take another summit called Hill Q, and British troops were to land at SuvlaBay as part of a major campaign to break the stalemate at Gallipoli.
The NZ operation
started on the 6th of August. Men of the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade
and the Maori Contingent had cleared a path for the other troops to
follow. But delays meant that the attack
on Chunuk Bair was ordered before all the infantrymen were in place. The Auckland Battalion suffered
heavy casualties in the mid-morning attack on the 7th of August, and the Wellington Battalion, led by
Lieutenant - Colonel William Malone, were ordered to follow into direct enemy
fire. Malone was a tough but respected commander. It is said that he told his
superior, Brigadier-General Johnston:
"We are not taking
orders from you people… My men are not going to commit suicide!"
Malone risked a court martial for refusing to follow this
order, but he insisted that his men would move out later
that night instead.
By early the next morning, on 8th August, Malone’s men had reached the summit and they fought
desperately to hold off the Turks, while waiting for reinforcements to arrive
to help them. Unfortunately, reinforcements
were unable to reach the summit because they were exposed to enemy fire.
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| The Sari Bair Range |
It was not until that night that the reinforcements finally
arrived to help Malone’s men, and they
endured the following day’s long battle in the summer heat, but more support
was still needed to hold the position.
The New Zealanders were finally relieved by British Battalions, but these quickly fell
to a Turkish counter-attack led by Mustafa Kemal, who went on to become the
founding president of Turkey. The Turks had taken back control of Chunuk Bair,
and the stalemate continued.
Out of the 760 men of the Wellington Battalion who started,
only 47 were left uninjured. The rest were dead or wounded, including Lieutenant-Colonel William Malone who had been killed by an Allied shell.
Meanwhile, the Australians had successfully taken
control of Lone Pine - with huge loss oflives, and many wounded - but no further
advancements could be made by the Allies, and this situation lasted until all the Allies
were evacuated from Gallipoli in
December.
Corporal Cyril Basset
was awarded New Zealand’s only Victoria Cross at Gallipoli, for his bravery laying and maintaining
communication wires in the face of enemy fire at Chunuk Bair. Basset did not believe he did anything more than any of the other men who died, and attributed his luck in staying alive to the fact that he was so short that the bullets sailed over him. He said,
"All my mates ever got were wooden crosses."
A New Zealand memorial now stands on the summit of Chunuk Bair. It
has a narrow slit, through which the rising sun shines on 8 August.
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| The memorial to fallen New Zealanders at Chunuk Bair. Note also the memorial to Mustafa Kemal Ataturk who led the attack against the Allies at Chunuk Bair. |
This is a song about Chunuk Bair which was recorded for the Anzac Day commemoration last year.
This is a link to to the digital track and lyrics of the song Chunuk Bair by New Zealand Band Gravel Road.
A tv news item on the centenary of Chunuk Bair - This one's about Lieutenant-Colonel William Malone.
Gallipoli Poem by Alistair Te Ariki Campbell
These are some songs that were sung in World War 1:
Keep the Home Fires Burning - sung at the Chunuk Bair memorial service on Anzac Day, 2015.
Here's an original version of Keep the Home Fires Burning from 1917. (It was written in 1914)
This week's tongue twister: Try starting off with: Soldier's shoulder then work up to the entire sentence. You may find that the sentence is easier to say than "Soldier's shoulder". I wonder why?
Juniors:
We are going to have some fun with this poem. How many of these sound effects can you make?